Receding gums may be caused by the following factors or a combination of these factors:

Aggressive brushing can traumatize the tissue and lead to permanent damage.

Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a bacterial infection that can destroy the connective fibers and create pockets between the gums and the teeth.

Smoking or any kind of tobacco use has devastating effects on the entire oral cavity.  Chewing tobacco, in particular, aggravates the gingival lining of the mouth and causes gum recession if used continuously.

Poor oral hygiene, such as poorly performed or neglected brushing and flossing, can result in a plaque build up and begin to affect the teeth.  The plaque contains various bacterial toxins that can promote infection.

Tongue and lip piercings can rub and irritate the gums, wearing the gum tissue away.

Diabetes that is not well managed can negatively affect gum health.

Genetics, especially if your parents had chronic gum recession from gum disease or misalignment, may be predisposed you to develop a similar condition. 

Singh offers three different types of gum tissue grafts. 

1. Connective-tissue grafts: During this most common grafting procedure, the tissue is taken from the flap of skin at your palate (the roof of your mouth) and then stitched over the area of the exposed root.

2. Free gingival grafts: This is similar to connective tissue grafts described above, although the tissue is taken directly from your palate (the roof of your mouth). This method is generally used to thicken naturally thin gums.

3. Pedicle grafts: In this procedure, instead of using tissue from the roof of your mouth, a pedicle graft uses a flap of tissue from the gum of a tooth next to the one with the recession. The flap is partially cut away, with one edge still attached. This flap is called a pedicle. It is then slid sideways to cover the exposed root and stitched into place. 

Gum grafting is a common periodontal procedure, and can generally improve function as well as the aesthetics of your smile.

The major benefits associated with gum grafting are as follows:

• Gum Graft Surgery can help stop the process of gum recession and bone loss, preventing further problems and protecting exposed roots from further decay.
• Gum grafts can help reduce tooth sensitivity, especially to hot and cold foods. When the tooth root becomes exposed, eating or drinking hot or cold foods can cause extreme sensitivity to the teeth.  
• Gum grafting surgery permanently covers the exposed root, helps reduce discomfort, and restores the good health of the gums.
• Gum grafts can result in a more even gum line, making your smile more symmetrical and making the overall appearance more aesthetically pleasing to look at.